TREATMENT FOR Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain can be mild or severe. It may be continuous or come and go. Abdominal pain can be short-lived (acute) or occur over weeks, months or years (chronic).

Call your doctor right away if you have abdominal pain so severe that you can't move without causing more pain, or you can't sit still or find a comfortable position.

Seek immediate medical help if pain is accompanied by other worrisome signs and symptoms, including:

·        Severe pain

·        Fever

·        Bloody stools

·        Persistent nausea and vomiting

·        Weight loss

·        Skin that appears yellow

·        Severe tenderness when you touch your abdomen

·        Swelling of the abdomen

The most common causes — such as gas pains, indigestion or a pulled muscle — usually aren't serious. Other conditions may require more-urgent medical attention.

While the location and pattern of abdominal pain can provide important clues, its time course is particularly useful when determining its cause.

Acute abdominal pain develops, and often resolves, over a few hours to a few days. Chronic abdominal pain may be intermittent, or episodic, meaning it may come and go. This type of pain may be present for weeks to months, or even years. Some conditions cause progressive pain, which steadily gets worse over time.

Acute

The various conditions that cause acute abdominal pain are usually accompanied by other symptoms and develop over hours to days. Causes can range from minor conditions that resolve without any treatment to serious medical emergencies, including:

·        Abdominal aortic aneurysm

·        Appendicitis

·        Cholangitis (bile duct inflammation)

·        Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation)

·        Cystitis (bladder inflammation)

·        Diabetic ketoacidosis (high levels of blood acids called ketones)

·        Diverticulitis

·        Duodenitis (inflammation in the first part of the small intestine)

·        Ectopic pregnancy

·        Fecal impaction (hardened stool that can't be eliminated)

·        Heart attack

·        Injury

·        Intestinal obstruction

·        Intussusception (in children)

·        Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

·        Kidney stones

·        Liver abscess (pus-filled pocket in the liver)

·        Mesenteric ischemia (decreased blood flow to the intestines)

·        Mesenteric lymphadenitis (swollen lymph nodes in the folds of membrane that hold the abdominal organs in place)

·        Mesenteric thrombosis (blood clot in a vein carrying blood away from your intestines)

·        Pancreatitis (pancreas inflammation)

·        Pericarditis (inflammation of the tissue around the heart)

·        Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining)

·        Pleurisy (inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs)

·        Pneumonia

·        Pulmonary infarction (loss of blood flow to the lungs)

·        Ruptured spleen

·        Salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes)

·        Sclerosing mesenteritis

·        Shingles (herpes zoster infection)

·        Spleen infection

·        Splenic abscess (pus-filled pocket in the spleen)

·        Torn colon

·        Urinary tract infection (UTI)

·        Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

Chronic (intermittent, or episodic)

The specific cause of chronic abdominal pain is often difficult to determine. Symptoms may range from mild to severe, coming and going but not necessarily worsening over time. Conditions that may cause chronic abdominal pain include:

·        Angina (reduced blood flow to the heart)

·        Celiac disease

·        Endometriosis

·        Gallstones

·        Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)

·        Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

·        Hiatal hernia

·        Inguinal hernia

·        Irritable bowel syndrome

·        Mittelschmerz (pain associated with ovulation)

·        Nonulcer stomach pain

·        Ovarian cysts

·        Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) — infection of the female reproductive organs

·        Peptic ulcer

·        Sickle cell anemia

·        Strained or pulled abdominal muscle

·        Ulcerative colitis (a type of inflammatory bowel disease)

Symptoms

Ankle pain

Strong enough to bear your body weight and enable you to move, your ankle can be prone to injury and pain.

You might feel the pain on the inside or outside of your ankle or along the Achilles tendon, which connects the muscles in your lower leg to your heel bone. Although mild ankle pain often responds well to home treatments, it can take time to resolve. You should see your doctor for severe ankle pain, especially if it follows an injury.

Injury to any of the ankle bones, ligaments or tendons and several types of arthritis can cause ankle pain. Common causes of ankle pain include:

·        Achilles tendinitis

·        Achilles tendon rupture

·        Avulsion fracture

·        Broken ankle/broken foot

·        Bursitis (joint inflammation)

·        Gout (arthritis related to excess uric acid)

·        Osteoarthritis (disease causing the breakdown of joints)

·        Osteochondritis dissecans

·        Plantar fasciitis

·        Pseudogout

·        Psoriatic arthritis

·        Reactive arthritis

·        Rheumatoid arthritis (inflammatory joint disease)

·        Septic arthritis

·        Sprained ankle

·        Stress fractures

Tarsal tunnel syndrome