LAST Stages of Lung Cancer AND TREATMENT
Stages
of Lung Cancer
The stages of lung cancer are determined according to its two types; small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The former type has four stages, and the latter, two
Small Cell Lung CancerSmall cell lung cancer grows and spreads rapidly, and in most cases, is diagnosed in heavy smokers. This type has been staged into Stage 1: Here, only the underlying tissues of the lung are invaded by the cancer cells.Stage 2: Here the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes surrounding the lung tissues. The cancer cells also invade the chest wall, or nearby structures (such as the diaphragm, the mediastinal pleura, or the parietal pericardium) in this stage.Stage 3: This stage can be further divided into stage 3A and 3B . In 3A the cancer takes over the lymph nodes that are in the center of the chest. And in stage 3B, the disease invades the lymph nodes on the opposite side of the chest, or in the lower neck, together with the heart, blood vessels, trachea and esophagus.Stage 4: Stage 4 is the final stage of the cancer. Here the disease spreads to other parts of the body. In clinical terms, the cancer has metastasized.
The Symptoms
The symptoms that show up in stage 4 lung cancer could be due to the region where the cancer began in the first place, and/or due to the spread of the disease to other parts of the body; common being the liver, bones and brain. The symptoms are as follows:
- As the affected organs are the lungs, the most important symptom is a stubborn cough that does not subside (even after 2-3 weeks). It is more concerning if this kind of chronic cough occurs in a smoker.
- Another symptom that increases the odds of a person to be suffering from lung cancer is coughing up bloody sputum. This symptom occurs in almost all cases of lung cancer.
- The affected person may experience a chest pain that does not subside, or pain in the shoulder. This symptom, however, does not occur in all cases.
- As the cancer cells metastasize, breathing becomes difficult. This symptom may also occur even before the cancer spreads outside the lungs.
- Frequent or persistent infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia are also important indicants of lung cancer.
Stage 4 lung cancer may also cause some less common symptoms. These might include high fever, swollen face, finger clubbing, wheezing and chronic hoarseness.
Fortunately, lung cancer is the most preventable. Although there is no foolproof method to prevent this disease, the best measure is not to smoke or to stop smoking. Experts say that the moment you shun smoking completely, the lungs start healing. The risk of smoking is inversely proportional to the number of years of not smoking. Given that, if a person does not smoke for 10 years, his/her chances of developing lung cancer cuts to 50% to that of a smoker. Other methods which can also go a long way in reducing the risk of this disease include a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, especially antioxidants, and regular exercise. It is also recommended to keep a check on high radon levels in your home and neighboring area, avoid exposure to toxic chemicals at work or elsewhere, and drinking alcohol in moderation.
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